Daudin's Milk Composition Data

Description

Daudin et al.(1988) give 8 readings on the composition of 86 containers of milk. They speak about 85 observations, but this can be explained with the fact that observations 63 and 64 are identical (as noted by Rocke (1996)).

The data set was used for analysing the stability of principal component analysis by the bootstrap method. In the same context, but using high breakdown point robust PCA, these data were analysed by Todorov et al. (1994). Atkinson (1994) used these data for ilustration of the forward search algorithm for identifying of multiple outliers.

Usage

data(milk, package="robustbase")

Format

A data frame with 86 observations on the following 8 variables, all but the first measure units in grams / liter.

X1

density

X2

fat content

X3

protein content

X4

casein content

X5

cheese dry substance measured in the factory

X6

cheese dry substance measured in the laboratory

X7

milk dry substance

X8

cheese product

Source

Daudin, J.J. Duby, C. and Trecourt, P. (1988) Stability of Principal Component Analysis Studied by the Bootstrap Method; Statistics 19, 241–258.

References

Todorov, V., Neyko, N., Neytchev, P. (1994) Stability of High Breakdown Point Robust PCA, in Short Communications, COMPSTAT'94; Physica Verlag, Heidelberg.

Atkinson, A.C. (1994) Fast Very Robust Methods for the Detection of Multiple Outliers. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 89 1329–1339.

Rocke, D. M. and Woodruff, D. L. (1996) Identification of Outliers in Multivariate Data; J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 91 (435), 1047–1061.

Examples

data(milk)
(c.milk <- covMcd(milk))
summarizeRobWeights(c.milk $ mcd.wt)# 19..20 outliers
umilk <- unique(milk) # dropping obs.64 (== obs.63)
summary(cumilk <- covMcd(umilk, nsamp = "deterministic")) # 20 outliers