Nicotine Gum and Smoking Cessation

Description

Data from a meta-analysis on nicotine gum and smoking cessation

Usage

data("smoking")

Format

A data frame with 26 observations (studies) on the following 4 variables.

qt

the number of treated subjetcs who stopped smoking.

tt

the totla number of treated subjects.

qc

the number of subjetcs who stopped smoking without being treated.

tc

the total number of subject not being treated.

Details

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States and kills more Americans than AIDS, alcohol, illegal drug use, car accidents, fires, murders and suicides combined. It has been estimated that 430,000 Americans die from smoking every year. Fighting tobacco use is, consequently, one of the major public health goals of our time and there are now many programs available designed to help smokers quit. One of the major aids used in these programs is nicotine chewing gum, which acts as a substitute oral activity and provides a source of nicotine that reduces the withdrawal symptoms experienced when smoking is stopped. But separate randomized clinical trials of nicotine gum have been largely inconclusive, leading Silagy (2003) to consider combining the results studies found from an extensive literature search. The results of these trials in terms of numbers of people in the treatment arm and the control arm who stopped smoking for at least 6 months after treatment are given here.

Source

C. Silagy (2003), Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, 4, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Examples

  data("smoking", package = "HSAUR")
  boxplot(smoking$qt/smoking$tt,
          smoking$qc/smoking$tc,
          names = c("Treated", "Control"), ylab = "Percent Quitters")